20250306 - “零存款而死”规则：如何在退休时最大化生活体验 - The 'Die With Zero' Rule of Retirement¶

分类: Clippings
创建: 2025-03-06
标签: 退休, 规划, 财富, 转移, 体验, 最大化, 零存款而死, 比尔·珀金斯, 储蓄, 长寿风险, 过度消费, 财务顾问

The 'Die With Zero' Rule of Retirement¶

摘要 (Summary)¶

未来二十年中，预计将有90万亿美元从老一辈转移给继承人，被称为“大财富转移”。对冲基金经理比尔·珀金斯在他的书《零存款而死》中提出，财富的真正价值在于使用它来最大化生活体验，而非仅仅积累财富。他认为人们应该在有生之年有意地花费金钱，以避免去世时留下未使用的财富。珀金斯的“零存款而死”规则鼓励人们根据不同人生阶段的健康、金钱和时间来战略性地安排支出。然而，这一哲学也面临批评，因为它可能不适合那些退休储蓄不足的人，并且存在长寿风险和过度消费的潜在陷阱。尽管如此，对于那些已经积累了足够储蓄的人来说，这一规则可能有助于实现更充实的退休生活。

要点 (Key Facts)¶

未来二十年预计有90万亿美元从老一辈转移给继承人。
比尔·珀金斯认为财富的真正价值在于使用它来最大化生活体验。
“零存款而死”规则鼓励人们在有生之年有意地花费金钱。
这一规则建议根据不同人生阶段的健康、金钱和时间来安排支出。
批评指出“零存款而死”规则不适合退休储蓄不足的人，并且存在长寿风险和过度消费的潜在陷阱。
对于储蓄充足的人，这一规则可能有助于实现更充实的退休生活。

正文 (Content)¶

Over the next two decades, an estimated $90 trillion will pass from older generations to heirs in what’s been called the “Great Wealth Transfer.” It's a huge shift for those who follow estate and retirement planning trends. But if you ask hedge fund manager and best-selling author Bill Perkins, what’s really being transferred isn’t just money — it’s trillions in unlived experiences.
在未来二十年中，预计将有 90 万亿美元从老一辈转移给继承人，这被称为“大财富转移”。这对关注遗产和退休规划趋势的人来说是一个巨大的转变。但是，如果你问对冲基金经理兼畅销书作者比尔·珀金斯，真正被转移的不仅是金钱——还有数万亿美元的未实现的体验。

In his book Die With Zero: Getting All You Can from Your Money and Your Life, Perkins argues that life is better spent maximizing experiences rather than maximizing wealth. After all, wealth is only valuable if you actually use it.
在他的书《零存款而死：从你的金钱和生活中获取所有你能得到的》中，珀金斯认为，与其最大化财富，不如最大化体验来更好地度过人生。毕竟，财富只有在你真正使用它时才有价值。

As Perkins puts it: “[Y]ou need money to survive in retirement, but the main thing you’ll be retiring on will be your memories — so make sure you invest enough in those.”
正如珀金斯所说：“[你]需要钱来维持退休生活，但你退休时主要依靠的将是你的回忆——所以要确保你在这方面投入足够多。”

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The book’s popularity has motivated many people to rethink their approach to retirement, embracing what we might call the “Die with Zero” rule. The goal is to live a fulfilling life within the limited time we have.
这本书的流行促使许多人重新思考他们的退休方式，接受我们可能称之为“零存款去世”的规则。其目标是在我们有限的时间内过上充实的生活。

But is this philosophy truly practical, or is it more idealistic than realistic? More fiction than fact?
但这种哲学真的实用吗，还是它更多是理想主义而非现实主义？更多是虚构而非事实？

News coverage often highlights the alarming shortfall in retirement savings. It’s true, many Americans aren’t saving enough — more than half worry about running out of money after they stop working. And with rising inflation and longer lifespans, some financial experts question whether the traditional guideline of stashing away 80% of your income is still sufficient.
新闻报道经常强调退休储蓄的严重不足。确实，许多美国人储蓄不足——超过一半的人担心在停止工作后钱会用完。随着通货膨胀的上升和寿命的延长，一些金融专家质疑传统的储蓄收入 80%的指导方针是否仍然足够。

Perkins, however, sees another issue, one that gets far less attention: people hoarding wealth at the expense of living their best lives.
然而，Perkins 看到了另一个问题，这个问题很少受到关注：人们为了积攒财富而牺牲了过上最佳生活的机会。

In fact, a recent study found that many retirees hesitate to spend their savings, preferring the security of untouched nest eggs. They tend to be more comfortable spending Social Security and pension income than withdrawing from their retirement accounts. For example, households with married 65-year-olds withdrew an average of just 2.1% of their savings annually — far below standard withdrawal recommendations.
事实上，最近的一项研究发现，许多退休人员不愿意花费他们的储蓄，更喜欢未动用的储蓄带来的安全感。他们倾向于花费社会保障和养老金收入，而不是从退休账户中提款。例如，65 岁已婚夫妇的家庭每年仅从储蓄中提取了平均 2.1%的资金——远低于标准的提款建议。

Financial advisers frequently see this hesitation firsthand. Loren Sherman, founder of Integrity Wealth Management, says, “As retirement approaches, people should ask themselves: ‘What is all this for?’ Many struggle to shift from saving mode to actually enjoying the fruits of their labor while not getting attached to seeing a number continually increase.”
金融顾问经常亲眼见到这种犹豫。Integrity Wealth Management 的创始人 Loren Sherman 说：“随着退休的临近，人们应该问自己：‘这一切都是为了什么？’许多人难以从储蓄模式转变为真正享受劳动成果，同时又不执着于看到数字不断增加。”

Perkins believes this mindset leads people to miss out on life. Instead of accumulating memories, they just accumulate money until it’s too late to enjoy it.
珀金斯认为这种心态导致人们错过了生活。与其积累回忆，他们只是积累金钱，直到为时已晚，无法享受。

The “Die with Zero” rule encourages a different approach: Spend your money intentionally — whether it’s on yourself, your loved ones or charity — while you’re alive to maximize life experiences. The logic is simple. If you die with money left over, it essentially represents potentially years you spent working for free, as it’s wealth you never got to use.
“零存亡”规则鼓励一种不同的方法：有意地花你的钱——无论是花在自己、亲人还是慈善事业上——在你活着的时候最大化生活体验。逻辑很简单。如果你去世时还有剩余的钱，实际上代表了你可能多年来白白工作的时光，因为这些财富是你从未使用过的。

That said, the goal isn’t to hit zero too soon and end up in financial distress. As Ryan Theisen, financial advisor at Advance Capital Management, cautions, “Retirees need to keep in mind that the money they saved while working is meant to last them a lifetime, so it’s important to be responsible with your spending.”
话虽如此，目标不是过早地达到零而陷入财务困境。正如 Advance Capital Management 的金融顾问 Ryan Theisen 所警告的：“退休人员需要记住，他们工作时积攒的钱是用来维持一生的，所以在花钱时要负责任。”

Instead, the “Die with Zero” rule focuses on making sure that, by the end of your life, you’ve made full use of the money you spent so much valuable time and energy to earn.
相反，“零存款去世”规则关注的是确保在你生命结束时，你已经充分利用了你花费大量宝贵时间和精力赚来的钱。

How to follow the "Die With Zero" strategy¶

如何遵循“零死亡”策略

The Die With Zero rule involves timing your spending wisely by balancing health, money and time — each abundant at different life stages.
Die With Zero 规则涉及通过平衡健康、金钱和时间来明智地安排你的支出——这些在不同的人生阶段各有充裕。

When you're young, you have time and health but little money; in middle age, you have money and health but less free time; in later years, you have time and money but declining health. The key is to spend strategically. For instance, prioritizing physically demanding experiences when young and using money to “buy time” in middle age, such as outsourcing chores to free up leisure hours.
当你年轻时，你有时间和健康但钱少；中年时，你有钱和健康但空闲时间少；晚年时，你有时间和钱但健康下降。关键是要战略性地花钱。例如，年轻时优先选择需要体力的体验，中年时用钱“买时间”，比如外包家务以 освободить休闲时间。

Sherman advises, “Spending along the way requires balance and flexibility. Find what truly brings you joy so you’re getting maximum value out of each dollar.”
谢尔曼建议：“在路上消费需要平衡和灵活性。找到真正给你带来快乐的事物，这样你才能从每一美元中获得最大价值。”

For example, a major part of the “Die with Zero” philosophy is giving while living. Perkins notes that adult children often need financial help in their 20s — when buying a first home or starting families — not when they inherit wealth decades later. Similarly, donating to charity during your lifetime allows you to see the impact of your giving rather than leaving it in your will.
例如，“零存款去世”哲学的一个重要部分是生前给予。Perkins 指出，成年子女在 20 岁时通常需要经济帮助——比如购买第一套房子或开始组建家庭——而不是几十年后继承财富。同样，在有生之年向慈善机构捐款，可以让你看到捐赠的影响，而不是在遗嘱中留下。

One tool Perkins suggests is time bucketing: dividing your life into five-to-ten-year intervals and setting experience goals for each stage. This helps you prioritize meaningful activities while still being able to enjoy them.
珀金斯建议的一个工具是时间分段：将你的生活划分为五到十年的区间，并为每个阶段设定体验目标。这有助于你在享受这些活动的同时，优先考虑有意义的活动。

Sherman says, “It starts by having a real intentional conversation about what brings you joy and aligning money with what matters most.”
Sherman 说：“这一切始于一次关于什么能带给你快乐的真正有意的对话，并将金钱与最重要的事情保持一致。”

The risks and criticism of "Die With Zero"¶

“零存款去世”的风险和批评

Despite its appeal, the “Die with Zero” rule faces criticism.
尽管它具有吸引力，但“零存款去世”规则面临批评。

For one, it doesn’t account for those struggling just to retire at all. Consider that one survey reported that U.S. households had an estimated median retirement savings of $64,000, yet Americans think they need $1.46 million in savings to retire comfortably.
首先，它没有考虑到那些仅仅为了退休而挣扎的人。考虑到一项调查报告称，美国家庭的退休储蓄中位数估计为 64,000 美元，但美国人认为他们需要 146 万美元的储蓄才能舒适地退休。

Longevity risk — the possibility of outliving savings — is another concern. Medical emergencies, disability or unexpected expenses can derail even the best-laid plans. As Theisen notes, “The last thing anyone wants is to outlive their money. It’s a tightrope walk, especially if unforeseen expenses arise.”
长寿风险——存款用尽的可能性——是另一个担忧。医疗紧急情况、残疾或意外开支甚至可能使最周密的计划脱轨。正如泰森所指出的，“没有人希望活得比他们的钱更久。这是一场走钢丝的游戏，特别是如果出现了不可预见的开支。”

In the book, Perkins suggests annuities as one way to mitigate this risk by providing guaranteed income for life. However, their complexity, costs and restrictions seem to conflict with the “Die with Zero” emphasis on financial flexibility and using wealth for life experiences.
在书中，Perkins 建议使用年金作为一种通过提供终身保证收入来减轻这种风险的方法。然而，年金的复杂性、成本和限制似乎与“零存款去世”对财务灵活性和利用财富体验生活的强调相冲突。

Overspending can also be a potential pitfall. Sherman warns that withdrawing too much too soon means missing out on additional compounding. A spend-heavy mindset can leave retirees vulnerable if their financial situation takes a turn for the worse.
过度消费也可能是一个潜在的陷阱。Sherman 警告说，过早提取过多的资金意味着错过额外的复利。一种重消费的心态可能会使退休人员在财务状况恶化时变得脆弱。

So, is the “Die with Zero” rule good advice? It largely depends on your circumstances, but for everyone, there are varying degrees to which it can be applied in retirement.
那么，“零存款去世”规则是好的建议吗？这在很大程度上取决于你的情况，但对每个人来说，在退休时都可以不同程度地应用这一规则。

Should you follow the "Die With Zero" rule?¶

你应该遵循“零存款去世”规则吗？

Perkins acknowledges that “Die with Zero” isn’t optimal for everyone. It’s best for those who have already built substantial savings and tend to be overly frugal despite having more than enough.
珀金斯承认，“零存款去世”并不适合所有人。它最适合那些已经积累了大量储蓄并且尽管已经足够但仍倾向于过度节俭的人。

Therefore, for most people, following the rule exactly may be unrealistic. But adopting aspects of it — like spending more on experiences, gifting money earlier and breaking free from unnecessary frugality — could help lead to a more fulfilling retirement.
因此，对于大多数人来说，严格遵循这一规则可能不现实。但采纳其中的一些方面——比如在体验上花费更多，提早赠送金钱，摆脱不必要的节俭——可以帮助实现更充实的退休生活。

Psychology plays a big role. Behavioral science shows that people tend to feel the pain of losses more intensely than the joy of equivalent gains, a bias that makes shifting from saving to spending difficult. An objective opinion can help counter this mindset. Perkins writes of the benefit of working with a financial adviser, a point echoed by Theisen: "An advisor can help create a game plan that allows individuals to maximize spending while maintaining a healthy savings for a rainy day.”
心理学起着重要作用。行为科学表明，人们对损失的痛苦感受比对等价收益的喜悦更为强烈，这种偏见使得从储蓄转向消费变得困难。一个客观的意见可以帮助对抗这种心态。Perkins 写道，与财务顾问合作的好处，Theisen 也附和了这一点：“顾问可以帮助制定一个游戏计划，让个人在保持健康的储蓄以备不时之需的同时，最大化消费。”

The old saying goes, “You don’t want to be the richest person in the graveyard.” Sure, it’s normal to fear outliving your money — but fearing not living at all might be the greater risk. The fact is, we’re all going to die someday. We might as well enjoy the ride while we can.
俗话说：“你不想成为墓地里最富有的人。”当然，担心钱用完是正常的——但更大的风险可能是担心根本没有生活。事实上，我们总有一天都会死去。我们不妨在可以的时候享受旅程。