20250615 - 男性年度体检时应问的五个关键问题 - 5 Questions Your Doctor Wishes You’d Ask

• 分类: Clippings
• 创建: 2025-06-15
• 标签: 男性健康, 年度体检, 预防, 心脏健康, 家族史, 性健康, 药物替代方案

5 Questions Your Doctor Wishes You’d Ask

摘要 (Summary)

这篇文章讨论了男性定期看医生的重要性，并打破了男性避免看医生的常见观念。根据赫斯特传媒的民意调查，75%的男性在过去一年里去看过医生，这个数字在35岁以上的男性中上升到80%，55岁以上的男性中上升到84%。文章强调了定期看医疗保健提供者的好处，并提供了五个在年度体检时应该问的问题：预防未来健康问题、心脏健康、家族史、性健康变化和药物替代方案。

要点 (Key Facts)

• 75%的男性在过去一年里去看过医生
• 35岁以上的男性中有80%去看过医生
• 55岁以上的男性中有84%去看过医生
• 心脏病是美国的头号死因，每33秒就有一人死亡
• 定期看医生有助于预防和早期发现健康问题
• 男性应在年度体检时询问预防、心脏健康、家族史、性健康和药物替代方案等问题

正文 (Content)

Luis Alvarez//Getty Images
路易斯·阿尔瓦雷斯//盖蒂图片社

There’s a common belief that men avoid the doctor at all costs—particularly the dreaded annual exam. But according to a poll by Hearst Media, the parent company of Men’s Health, three out of every four men (75 percent) have gone to the doctor in the last year. That number goes up to 80 percent when talking about men over the age of 35, and 84 percent for those over 55.
人们普遍认为，男人无论如何都会逃避医生——尤其是令人畏惧的年度体检。但根据 《男性健康》 杂志母公司赫斯特传媒的一项民意调查，过去一年里，每四名男性中就有三名（75%）去看过医生。对于 35 岁以上的男性来说，这一数字高达 80%，而对于 55 岁以上的男性来说，这一数字更是高达 84%。

Not bad, guys! Seeing a health care provider (HCP) regularly is key to staying healthy and catching any serious issues early. But you also need to make sure you’re getting the most out of your exams, which means asking the right questions and bringing any concerning symptoms to your doctor’s attention. “Physicians aren’t able to guess exactly what’s bothering you, and we can only help you if we know what’s going on,” says Daniel Kiss, MD, a cardiologist with Hackensack Meridian Jersey Shore University Medical Center.
还不错，伙计们！定期去看医疗保健提供者 (HCP) 是保持健康和及早发现任何严重问题的关键。但您也需要确保充分利用体检，这意味着要提出正确的问题，并将任何令人担忧的症状告知医生。“医生无法准确猜测您的问题所在，只有了解情况，我们才能帮助您，”哈肯萨克子午线泽西海岸大学医学中心的心脏病专家 Daniel Kiss 医学博士说道。

Need help opening up to your doctor? Here are five questions primary care physicians say you should ask at your next annual exam:
需要帮助向医生敞开心扉吗？以下是初级保健医生建议你在下次年度体检时应该问的五个问题：

1. “What can I do to prevent future health problems?”1.“我可以做些什么来预防未来的健康问题？”

This is a good open-ended starter question that will get your doctor talking about healthy lifestyle behaviors as well as tests or screenings for common diseases in men your age. Remember, the purpose of an annual exam isn’t just to discuss what’s going wrong, because in many cases, especially if you’re still relatively young, you may not have any acute concerns. “Any good physician should also talk about prevention and what you should be doing to stay healthy into the future,” says Dr. Kiss.
这是一个不错的开放式开场问题，它能让你的医生谈论健康的生活方式，以及你这个年龄段男性常见疾病的检查或筛查。记住，年度体检的目的不仅仅是讨论出了什么问题，因为在很多情况下，尤其是在你还比较年轻的时候，你可能没有任何急需解决的问题。“任何一位优秀的医生都应该谈论预防，以及你应该做些什么来保持未来的健康，”Kiss 医生说。

Consider this an ice-breaker. After talking broadly about your health, it’s time to get more specific. And what better place to start than your heart?
就当是破冰吧。聊完你的健康状况后，是时候更详细地谈谈了。还有什么比心脏更好的起点呢？

2. “What can I be doing for my heart health?”2.“我能做些什么来保持心脏健康？”

Maybe this came up with the first question you asked. If not, turn the focus to your ticker sooner rather than later, since heart disease is the leading cause of death in America (one person dies every 33 seconds), with men at a slightly higher risk than women. By asking about it, you’re inviting your doctor to talk to you about your risk and assess your current cardiovascular health status. Specific issues a doctor may address: “Is it time to get your cholesterol checked, should you be screened for diabetes, or do you need to be worried about hypertension?” says Niket Sonpal, MD, assistant professor of medicine at Touro College of Medicine in New York. Your doctor will likely order a blood panel to assess these and many other risk factors, as well as check your blood pressure.
这或许就是你提出的第一个问题。如果没有，请尽早关注你的心脏，因为心脏病是 美国的头号死因 （每 33 秒就有一人死亡），男性的风险略高于女性。通过询问这个问题，你是在邀请医生与你讨论你的风险并评估你目前的心血管健康状况。医生可能会讨论的具体问题包括：“现在是时候检查你的胆固醇了吗？你应该接受糖尿病筛查吗？或者你需要担心高血压吗？”纽约图罗医学院医学助理教授 Niket Sonpal 医学博士说道。你的医生可能会安排血液检查来评估这些以及其他许多风险因素，并检查你的血压。

When discussing your heart health, your HCP is likely to ask you lifestyle-related questions. When that happens, be honest about how much you exercise, how often you indulge in a stiff drink (or four), and whether or not you smoke, even if just occasionally. These three areas in particular are major risk factors for cardiovascular health. “From a physician’s standpoint, we can only go by what you tell us, and you’re only hurting yourself by fudging your answers,” says Dr. Sonpal.
在讨论您的心脏健康时，您的医疗保健专业人员 (HCP) 可能会询问您与生活方式相关的问题。在这种情况下，请诚实地告知您运动量、喝烈酒的频率（一杯或四杯），以及您是否吸烟（即使只是偶尔吸烟）。这三个方面尤其会成为心血管健康的主要风险因素。“从医生的角度来看，我们只能根据您的描述来判断，而您含糊其辞只会对自己造成伤害，”Sonpal 医生说道。

3. “Can we talk about my family history?”3.我们可以谈谈我的家族史吗？

Your parents and grandparents didn’t just influence where you grew up and which sports teams you root for. They also have a big impact on your health (not to mention your hairline). “Before your appointment, ask your parents what they know about illnesses that run in your family or what older relatives died from,” says Dr. Kiss. “For example, did your grandfather pass away from a heart attack at 49 even though he was the picture of health? That’s a risk factor for you to also have coronary heart disease.”
你的父母和祖父母不仅影响着你的成长环境和你支持的球队，他们还会对你的健康（更不用说你的发际线）产生重大影响。“在就诊前，问问你的父母，他们了解哪些家族遗传病，或者哪些长辈的死因，”Kiss 博士说。“例如，你的祖父是否在 49 岁时因心脏病去世，尽管他一直很健康？这也是你患冠心病的一个风险因素。”

Notice that he said “risk factor,” not “death sentence.” It’s important to have an awareness of what diseases you may be genetically predisposed to—whether it’s a certain type of cancer, heart disease, or type 2 diabetes—not to get stressed out, but so you can take preventive steps to avoid these conditions. Share with your doctor any health issues that run in your family, and the two of you can come up with a plan to lower your risk.
请注意，他说的是“风险因素”，而不是“死刑”。了解自己可能遗传易患的疾病（无论是某种癌症、心脏病还是2型糖尿病）非常重要。这不仅是为了让自己压力过大，也是为了能够采取预防措施，避免这些疾病。告诉医生你家族中是否存在任何健康问题，你们俩可以共同制定降低风险的计划。

4. “Can I tell you about a change I’ve noticed recently during sex?”4.“我可以告诉你我最近在性生活中注意到的一个变化吗？”

Awkward as it might be, you need to bring any sexual health issues to your doctor’s attention right away. “A decline in sexual function is associated with other problems like diabetes, high blood pressure, or medication side effects, so be open and talk to your doctor if you feel it’s harder to get an erection or maintain one,” says Ernst von Schwarz, MD, a Los Angeles-based cardiologist. “Not only can your doctor help you treat the erectile dysfunction, but they can also look into whether it’s a sign of another problem.”
尽管可能有点尴尬，但你还是需要立即将任何性健康问题告知医生。“性功能下降与糖尿病、高血压或药物副作用等其他问题有关，所以如果你感觉勃起或维持勃起困难，一定要坦诚地与医生沟通，”洛杉矶心脏病专家 Ernst von Schwarz 医学博士说。“医生不仅可以帮助你治疗勃起功能障碍，还可以检查这是否是其他问题的征兆。”

If the idea of talking openly with your doctor about sexual matters fills you with dread, you might want to find a new doctor. “Your doctor is supposed to be your advocate and life coach,” says Dr. Sonpal. “They’re there to help you achieve your goals, not judge you.”
如果你对与医生公开谈论性方面的问题感到恐惧，你可能需要换一位医生。“你的医生应该是你的拥护者和人生导师，”桑帕尔医生说。“他们的职责是帮助你实现目标，而不是评判你。”

And if it’s not the doctor but the topic at hand that makes you uneasy, try following our script and asking the question above word for word. “Nobody wants to admit there’s a problem, but it’s a lot easier to say there’s been a change,” says Dr. von Schwarz.
如果让你感到不安的不是医生，而是眼前的话题，不妨按照我们的脚本，逐字逐句地提出上述问题。“没人愿意承认有问题，但说有 变化 要容易得多，”冯·施瓦茨医生说。

5. “Do I need this medication, or is there something else I can try?”5.“我需要这种药物吗？或者我可以尝试其他方法吗？”

Sure, a prescription might be able to help a given issue, but always ask if there’s a non-medication approach you can take first. “Don’t be afraid to ask about alternatives,” says Dr. von Schwarz. “For instance, a statin can help high cholesterol, but so can lifestyle changes like diet and exercise. I’m not against statins. I prescribe them daily, but there are other things you can do before taking a lipid-lowering pill, which may have side effects. And the lifestyle changes will end up improving overall cardiovascular health at the same time.”
当然，处方药或许能缓解特定问题，但务必先咨询是否有非药物疗法。“不要害怕询问替代方案，”冯·施瓦茨博士说。“例如，他汀类药物可以降低高胆固醇，但饮食和运动等生活方式的改变也能起到作用。我并不反对他汀类药物。我每天都会开这种药，但在服用降脂药之前，你还可以做其他一些事情，因为降脂药可能会有副作用。而生活方式的改变最终会同时改善整体心血管健康。”

This advice applies to other common risk factors as well, including high blood sugar and hypertension. Before jumping straight into anti-diabetic meds or beta-blockers, honestly assess your activity levels, food intake, and alcohol and tobacco use and discuss all treatment and preventative strategies with your doctor.
此建议也适用于其他常见风险因素，包括高血糖和高血压。在直接服用抗糖尿病药物或β受体阻滞剂之前，请诚实评估您的活动量、食物摄入量以及酒精和烟草的使用情况，并与医生讨论所有治疗和预防策略。